Recording Basics Cheat Sheet

Recording Basics Cheat Sheet

Your go-to guide for capturing high-quality recordings at home, whether you're laying down vocals, instruments, or full demos. Perfect for beginners and a great refresher for pros!

Preparing Your Space

Choosing the Right Room

Pick a quiet, small-to-medium sized room with carpet, curtains, or furniture to absorb sound reflections.

  • Avoid rooms with hard surfaces (tile, glass, bare walls).
  • Closets or rooms with lots of soft items (beds, couches) can work in a pinch.

Example: A bedroom with a carpet, heavy curtains, and a bed is ideal for vocal recording.

Reducing Background Noise

Turn off fans, AC, or appliances. Close windows and doors. Use thick blankets or foam panels to dampen echoes if needed.

Watch Out: Computers and hard drives can be noisy—place your mic and recording device away from them.

Microphone Basics

Microphone Types

Dynamic Mics: Great for loud sources (guitar amps, drums) and live settings. Less sensitive to background noise.

Condenser Mics: Ideal for vocals and acoustic instruments. More sensitive and detailed, but require phantom power.

Budget Picks: Shure SM58 (dynamic), Audio-Technica AT2020 (condenser).

Microphone Placement

Vocals: Place the mic 6-12 inches away from your mouth, slightly off-axis (not directly in front) to reduce plosives.

Acoustic Guitar: Point the mic at the 12th fret, 6-12 inches away. Experiment with angle and distance for tone.

Electric Guitar Amp: Place the mic close to the speaker cone, slightly off-center for a balanced sound.

Pro Tip: Use the "3:1 rule" for multi-mic setups: the distance between mics should be at least 3 times the distance from each mic to its source.

Recording Vocals

Mic Technique

Stand or sit up straight to allow full breath support. Use a pop filter to reduce plosives (hard "p" and "b" sounds).

  • Angle the mic slightly downward or upward to avoid direct breath noise.
  • Keep your mouth level with the mic for consistent tone.

Delivery and Performance

Warm up your voice before recording. Stay hydrated and avoid dairy (it can create mucus).

  • Record multiple takes—comp (composite) the best parts later.
  • Stand the same distance from the mic for each take to maintain consistency.

Pro Tip: Record a "safety take" at a lower volume to capture subtle details without distortion.

Recording Instruments

Acoustic Guitar

Experiment with mic placement: near the soundhole for bass, near the 12th fret for balance, or near the bridge for brightness.

Example Setup: One mic at the 12th fret, another near the bridge (blended for a fuller sound).

Electric Guitar/Bass

Mic the amp speaker, not the grill. Start with the mic 2-6 inches away. Angle the mic for different tones.

Pro Tip: For a bigger sound, use two mics: one close (for attack) and one farther away (for room tone).

DI (Direct Input) Recording

Use a DI box for bass, keyboards, or electric guitar (for reamping later).

  • DI signals are clean and can be processed with amp simulators.

Software and DAWs

Free DAW Options

Start with user-friendly, free software:

  • Audacity: Simple, cross-platform audio editor.
  • GarageBand: Mac-only, great for beginners.
  • Cakewalk by BandLab: Full-featured DAW for Windows.

Setting Up Your Session

Use a sample rate of 44.1kHz or 48kHz and a bit depth of 24-bit for high-quality recordings.

  • Label tracks clearly (e.g., "Lead Vocal Take 1," "Acoustic Guitar DI").
  • Record a few seconds of "room tone" (silence) for noise reduction later.

Latency and Buffer Size

Lower buffer sizes reduce latency (delay) but require more CPU power. Start with 128 or 256 samples and adjust as needed.

Recording Process

Gain Staging

Set input levels so peaks hit around -10dB to -6dB to avoid clipping (distortion).

  • Use the gain knob on your audio interface, not software volume.
  • Watch the input meters—aim for green/yellow, avoid red.

Watch Out: Clipping (red lights) distorts your recording and can't be fixed later!

Monitoring

Use headphones to monitor your recording. Avoid using speakers to prevent mic bleed.

  • Enable "direct monitoring" or "low-latency monitoring" in your DAW.

File Management

Organize your session files in a dedicated folder. Use clear file names and back up regularly.

Pro Tip: Save a new version of your project after major changes (e.g., "SongTitle_v2").

Post-Recording Tips

Editing and Comping

Edit out breaths, clicks, or mistakes. Comp multiple takes to create the best performance.

  • Use fade-ins/outs to avoid pops and clicks.

Backing Up

Always back up your recordings to an external drive or cloud storage.

Pro Tip: Export stems (individual tracks) for mixing or collaboration.

Troubleshooting

Common Issues

Feedback/Howling: Move mics away from speakers, lower gain, or use headphones.

Plosives/Pops: Use a pop filter, angle the mic, or record slightly off-axis.

Phase Cancellation: If using multiple mics, check phase alignment by flipping polarity.

Quick Fixes

Hiss or hum? Try grounding your equipment, using balanced cables, or a noise gate plugin.

Gear Checklist

Essentials

  • Microphone (dynamic or condenser)
  • Audio interface (e.g., Focusrite Scarlett, Universal Audio)
  • Headphones (closed-back for recording)
  • Mic stand and pop filter
  • Cables (XLR, USB, instrument)

Nice-to-Haves

  • Acoustic treatment (foam panels, bass traps)
  • DI box (for guitars/bass)
  • External preamp (for better sound quality)